M'chaka chatha cha 2023, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kwasintha kwambiri msika ndikuwonetsa zikhumbo zazikulu zamtsogolo. Kwa mayiko ambiri, 2025 idzakhala nthawi yokwaniritsa cholinga china. Zochita m'zaka zaposachedwa zatsimikizira kuti mayendedwe amagetsi ndi njira yokhazikika yamagetsi yomwe yadzipereka kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo ndikutumikira zachilengedwe zobiriwira. Kafukufuku wa ogula akuwonetsa kuti kulipiritsa kwa EV ndiye chotchinga chachikulu pakutengera ma EV. Mwanjira ina, ngati ogula akukhulupirira kuti kulipiritsa kwa EV ndikodalirika, kosavuta, kosavuta, komanso kotsika mtengo, ndiye kuti kufunitsitsa kwawo kugula ma EV kudzakhala kolimba.
Monga gawo lofunikira pamakina othamangitsira magalimoto amagetsi, kusinthika kwa cholumikizira cholipiritsa, kudalirika, ndi magwiridwe antchito kumakhudza mwachindunji kuyendetsa bwino kwa ma EV komanso zomwe amalipira eni magalimoto. Ngakhale miyezo yolipiritsa zolumikizira padziko lonse lapansi sigwirizana, ngakhale ena akuchoka pamasewerawa. Komabe, kumvetsetsa mitundu ya zolumikizira zolipiritsa kumakhalabe tanthauzo pakukula kwanthawi yayitali kwa ma EV ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mitundu ina yakale yamagetsi.
Kutengera mtundu wachangiso, ma EV charger amatha kugawidwa kukhala Direct current(DC) ndi alternating current(AC). Mphamvu yochokera pagululi nthawi zonse imasinthasintha, pomwe mabatire amafunikira kusungirako mphamvu mwachindunji. Kulipiritsa kwa DC kumafuna chosinthira chomangidwa mu charger kuti chisinthe makina osinthira kukhala magetsi achindunji kuti mphamvu zambiri zitha kupezeka mwachangu ndikusamutsira ku batri ya EV. Kulipiritsa kwa AC kumafuna chojambulira chokwera mgalimoto kuti chisinthe mphamvu ya AC kukhala mphamvu ya DC ndikuyisunga mu batire. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira ziwirizi ndikuti chosinthira chili mu charger kapena galimoto.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pamwambapa, ndi chitukuko cha makampani amagetsi amagetsi mpaka pano, opanga magalimoto apanga njira zingapo zolumikizira zolipiritsa kutengera madera osiyanasiyana ogulitsa. AC Type 1 ndi DC CCS1 ku North America, ndi AC Type 2 ndi DC CCS2 ku Europe. DC waku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito CHAdeMO, ndipo ena amagwiritsanso ntchito CCS1. Msika waku China umagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa GB/T ngati mulingo wapadziko lonse wamalipiro agalimoto yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, chimphona cha EV Tesla chili ndi cholumikizira chake chapadera.
AC Charging cholumikizira
Ma charger akunyumba ndi ma charger m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga malo antchito, malo ogulitsira, mahotela, ndi malo owonetsera masewerawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ma AC Charger. Ena adzakhala ndi chingwe cholipirira, ena satero.
Cholumikizira cha J1772-Mtundu 1
Kutengera muyeso wa SAE J1772 wopangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi 120 V kapena 240 V makina agawo limodzi la AC. Mulingo wolipiritsa wa AC uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku North America ndi Asia, monga Japan ndi Korea, ndipo umathandizira pagawo limodzi lolipiritsa la AC.
Muyezowu umatanthawuzanso milingo yopangira: AC Level 1 mpaka 1.92kW ndi AC Level 2 mpaka 19.2kW. Malo opangira ma AC omwe alipo pano ali ndi ma charger a Level 2 okha kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthu poyimitsa magalimoto, ndipo ma charger akunyumba a Level 2 nawonso ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Mennekes-Type 2 Cholumikizira
Zopangidwa ndi Mennekes, zafotokozedwa ndi European Union ngati njira yolipirira AC pamsika waku Europe ndipo yavomerezedwa ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa ma EV ndi 230V single-gawo kapena 480V magawo atatu a AC mphamvu. Mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi yamagawo atatu imatha kufika 43kW, yomwe imakwaniritsa kwambiri zolipiritsa za eni EV.
M'malo ambiri ochapira a AC ku Europe, kuti agwirizane ndi msika wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wa EV, zingwe zochapira nthawi zambiri sizimangika pamachaja. Madalaivala a EV nthawi zambiri amafunika kunyamula zingwe zochapira (zomwe zimatchedwanso zingwe za BYO) kuti alumikizane ndi charger ku magalimoto awo.
Workersbee posachedwapa yakhazikitsa chingwe chojambulira cha EV 2.3, chomwe sichimangosunga mawonekedwe ake apamwamba komanso ogwirizana kwambiri komanso chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wophimba mphira kuti akwaniritse chitetezo chokwanira. Nthawi yomweyo, kasamalidwe ka ma cable amakongoletsedwa potengera momwe ogula amagwiritsira ntchito. Mapangidwe a chingwe chojambulira ndi Velcro kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta komanso kosangalatsa kwa ogula kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse.
Cholumikizira cholumikizira chamtundu waku China pakulipiritsa kwa EV ndi chofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wachiwiri mu autilaini. Komabe, mayendedwe a zingwe zake zamkati ndi ma protocol azizindikiro ndizosiyana kotheratu. Single-gawo AC 250V, panopa mpaka 32A. Magawo atatu a AC 440V, apano mpaka 63A.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula kwachulukidwe kwa kutumiza kunja kwa China EV, zolumikizira za GB/T zatchuka mwachangu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza ku China, palinso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa cholumikizira cha GB/T ku Middle East ndi mayiko a CIS.
Ngakhale kuti mkangano wokhudza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa AC ndi DC ndi wotentha kwambiri, ndi kutchuka kwakukulu kwa ma EVs, ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere chiwerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama za DC mofulumira.
Njira Yophatikizira Yolipirira:Cholumikizira cha CCS1
Kutengera cholumikizira chojambulira cha Type 1 AC, ma terminals a DC (Combo 1) amawonjezedwa kuti azitha kulipiritsa mwachangu DC mpaka 350kw.
Ngakhale cholumikizira chojambulira cha Tesla chomwe chatchulidwa pansipa chikuwononga msika wa CCS1 mopenga, CCS1 ikhalabe ndi malo pamsika chifukwa chotetezedwa ndi mfundo za sabuside zomwe zidalengezedwa kale ku US.
Workersbee, kampani yolumikizira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali, sanasiyebe msika wake ku CCS1, kutsata ndondomeko ndi kukhathamiritsa malonda ake. Chogulitsacho chadutsa chiphaso cha UL, ndipo kudalirika kwake ndi chitetezo chatamandidwa ndi makasitomala.
Kupatula ku America, Japan ndi South Korea atengeranso muyezo wa DC uwu (zowona, Japan ilinso ndi cholumikizira chake cha CHAdeMO DC).
Njira Yophatikizira Yolipirira:Cholumikizira cha CCS2
Mofanana ndi CCS1, CCS2 imawonjezera ma terminals a DC (Combo 2) kutengera cholumikizira chojambulira cha Type 2 AC ndipo ndicho cholumikizira chachikulu pakulipira kwa DC ku Europe. Mosiyana ndi CCS1, ma AC olumikizana nawo (L1, L2, L3, ndi N) a Type 2 pa cholumikizira cha CCS2 achotsedwa kwathunthu, ndikungotsala atatu olumikizana kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi kuyika maziko oteteza.
Workersbee yapanga zolumikizira zachilengedwe zoziziritsa kukhosi zokhala ndi zabwino zotsika mtengo komanso zoziziritsa zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi zabwino zolumikizira zolumikizira zamagetsi za CCS2's zamphamvu kwambiri za DC.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti cholumikizira cha CCS2 chozizira chachilengedwe 1.1 chitha kukwanitsa kale kutulutsa kokhazikika mpaka 375A mkulu wapano. Njira yodabwitsa yowongolera kutentha kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi opanga magalimoto ndi opanga zida zolipiritsa.
Cholumikizira choziziritsa chamadzi cha CCS2 chomwe chikuyang'anizana ndi zosowa zamtsogolo chikhoza kukwaniritsa kutulutsa kokhazikika kwa 600A. Sing'anga imapezeka mu kuziziritsa kwamafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwamadzi, ndipo kuziziritsa kumakhala kokwera kuposa kuzirala kwachilengedwe.
CHAdeMO Connector
Zolumikizira zolipiritsa za DC ku Japan, ndi malo ena ochapira ku US ndi Europe amaperekanso malo ogulitsira a CHAdeMO, koma sizomwe zimafunikira ndondomeko. Pansi pa kufinya kwa msika kwa CCS ndi Tesla zolumikizira, CHAdeMO yawonetsa kufooka pang'onopang'ono ndipo idaphatikizidwanso pamndandanda wa "osaganiziridwa" ndi opanga zida zambiri zolipiritsa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
GB/T DC cholumikizira
Mulingo waposachedwa kwambiri waku China wolipiritsa wa DC umawonjezera kuchuluka kwapano mpaka 800A. Ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa mitundu yatsopano yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso kutalika kwautali pamsika, kufulumizitsa kutchuka ndi chitukuko cha kulipiritsa mwachangu komanso kuwongolera.
Poyankha ndemanga zamsika zokhudzana ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa makina osungira loko a DC, monga cholumikizira chimakonda kugwa kapena kusatsegula, Workersbee yakweza cholumikizira cha GB/T DC.
Mphamvu yotseka ya mbedza imachulukitsidwa kuti mupewe kulephera kulumikizana ndi galimoto, kuwongolera kudalirika komanso chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, sikuti kumangowonjezera kukhazikika kwa loko yamagetsi komanso kutengera mapangidwe osinthika mwamsanga, omwe amachepetsa ndalama zokonzekera zogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
Cholumikizira cha Tesla: Cholumikizira cha NACS
Mapangidwe ophatikizika a AC ndi DC ndi theka la kukula kwa cholumikizira cha CCS, chokongola komanso chopepuka. Monga makina opangira maverick, Tesla adatcha cholumikizira chake cholumikizira kuti North American Charging Standard.
Chikhumbo chimenechi chinakhalanso chenicheni osati kale kwambiri.
Tesla yatsegula cholumikizira chake cholumikizira ndikuyitanitsa makampani ena amagalimoto ndi ma network olipira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri msika wolipira.
Opanga magalimoto akuluakulu kuphatikiza General Motors, Ford, ndi Mercedes-Benz alowa nawo motsatizana. Posachedwapa, SAE idayimitsanso ndikuyifotokoza ngati J3400.
Cholumikizira ChaoJi
Motsogozedwa ndi China komanso kupangidwa limodzi ndi mayiko ambiri, cholumikizira cha ChaoJi chimaphatikiza zabwino zolumikizira zomwe zilipo pakalipano za DC, zimawongolera zolakwika, ndikuwongolera kugwirizanitsa kwamadera osiyanasiyana, ndicholinga chokwaniritsa mafunde apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi zomwe zikufunika kuti ziwonjezeke mtsogolo. Yankho laukadaulo lavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la IEC ndipo lakhala muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, pansi pa mpikisano woopsa wa NACS, tsogolo lachitukuko silikudziwikabe.
Kugwirizana kwa zolumikizira zolipiritsa kumatha kupangitsa kuti zida zolipiritsa zizigwirizana, zomwe mosakayikira zingapindulitse kufalikira kwa ma EV. Ichepetsanso ndalama zolowera kwa opanga ma automaker ndi kulipiritsa opanga zida ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kofulumira kwa magetsi oyendera.
Komabe, chifukwa cha zoletsa za mfundo ndi miyezo ya boma, palinso zolepheretsa zokonda ndi matekinoloje pakati pa opanga ma automaker osiyanasiyana ndi ogulitsa zida zolipiritsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kugwirizanitsa miyezo yolumikizirana padziko lonse lapansi. Mayendedwe amiyezo yolumikizira zolumikizira adzatsata zosankha zamsika. Gawo la msika wa ogula limatsimikizira kuti ndi maphwando ati omwe adzakhala ndi kuseka komaliza, ndipo ena onse akhoza kuphatikiza kapena kutha.
Monga mpainiya pakulipiritsa mayankho, Workersbee yadzipereka kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kukhazikika kwa zolumikizira. Zogulitsa zathu zonse za AC ndi DC zapambana mbiri yabwino pamsika ndipo zathandizira pakukula kwamakampani olipira. Nthawi zonse tikuyembekezera kugwira ntchito ndi atsogoleri odziwika bwino pantchitoyi kuti timange tsogolo lamayendedwe obiriwira.
Workersbee imapatsa anzathu njira zabwino zolipirira magalimoto amagetsi ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, ukadaulo wotsogola, komanso mphamvu zopanga zolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-12-2024