Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kukukwera chaka ndi chaka, monga momwe timayembekezera, ngakhale kuti akadali kutali kuti akwaniritse zolinga zanyengo. Koma tikhozabe kukhulupirira mwachidwi kulosera kwa deta iyi - pofika chaka cha 2030, chiwerengero cha ma EV padziko lonse chikuyembekezeka kupitirira 125 miliyoni. Lipotilo lidapeza kuti mwa makampani omwe adafunsidwa padziko lonse lapansi omwe sakuganizirabe kugwiritsa ntchito ma BEV, 33% adatchula kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amalipira anthu ngati cholepheretsa chachikulu kuti akwaniritse cholingachi. Kulipira magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zonse kumakhala vuto lalikulu.
Kulipiritsa kwa ma EV kwasintha kuchokera pakusakwanira bwinoLEVEL 1 ma charger ku kuLEVEL 2 ma chargertsopano zofala m'nyumba zogona, zomwe zimatipatsa ufulu ndi chidaliro poyendetsa galimoto. Anthu ayamba kukhala ndi ziyembekezo zapamwamba za kulipiritsa kwa EV - kuchuluka kwaposachedwa, mphamvu zokulirapo, komanso kuyitanitsa mwachangu komanso kokhazikika. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona kukula ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa EV kulipiritsa mwachangu pamodzi.
Kodi Malire Ali Kuti?
Choyamba, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo yakuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa kuthamangitsa mofulumira sikudalira kokha pa charger. Mapangidwe a uinjiniya wa galimotoyo ayenera kuganiziridwanso, ndipo mphamvu ndi kachulukidwe ka mphamvu ya batri yamagetsi ndizofunikanso. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wowongolera umayang'aniridwanso ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa batri, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa batri pack kusinthanitsa, komanso vuto la kuthyola ma electroplating attenuation ya mabatire a lithiamu chifukwa cha kulipiritsa mwachangu. Izi zingafunike kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pamakina onse operekera mphamvu zamagalimoto amagetsi, kapangidwe ka batire, ma cell a batri, ngakhale zida zama cell a batri.
Kachiwiri, makina a BMS agalimoto ndi makina opangira ma charger amayenera kugwirizana kuti azitha kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa batire ndi charger, voteji yothamangitsa, yapano, ndi SOC yagalimoto. Onetsetsani kuti magetsi okwera amatha kulowa mu batri yamagetsi mosatekeseka, mokhazikika, komanso moyenera kuti zida zizigwira ntchito motetezeka komanso modalirika popanda kutentha kwambiri.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kupititsa patsogolo kuthamangitsa mwachangu sikungofunikira kukulitsa zida zolipirira komanso kumafunanso kutsogola kwaukadaulo muukadaulo wa batri komanso kuthandizira ukadaulo wotumiza ndi kugawa magetsi. Zimabweretsanso vuto lalikulu paukadaulo wochotsa kutentha.
Mphamvu Zambiri, Zatsopano:Large DC Fast Charging Network
Kulipiritsa mwachangu kwa DC masiku ano kumagwiritsa ntchito magetsi okwera kwambiri, ndipo misika yaku Europe ndi America ikufulumizitsa kutumiza ma netiweki a 350kw. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu komanso wovuta kwa opanga zida zolipiritsa padziko lonse lapansi. Pamafunika zida zolipiritsa kuti zizitha kutulutsa kutentha potumiza mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mulu wothamangitsa ukhoza kugwira ntchito motetezeka komanso modalirika. Monga tonse tikudziwira, pali ubale wabwino pakati pa kufalikira kwaposachedwa ndi kutulutsa kutentha, kotero ichi ndi chiyeso chachikulu cha nkhokwe zaukadaulo za wopanga komanso luso lazopangapanga.
Netiweki yothamangitsa mwachangu ya DC ikuyenera kupereka njira zingapo zotetezera chitetezo, zomwe zimatha kuyang'anira mwanzeru mabatire agalimoto ndi ma charger panthawi yolipiritsa kuti batire ndi zida zitetezeke.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha momwe ma charger amagwiritsidwira ntchito pagulu, mapulagi ochajitsa amayenera kukhala osalowa madzi, osagwira fumbi, komanso osagwirizana ndi nyengo.
Monga wopanga zida zapadziko lonse lapansi yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 16 za R&D komanso luso lopanga, Workersbee yakhala ikuyang'ana momwe chitukuko chikuyendera komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi ndi othandizana nawo omwe akutsogolera mafakitale kwazaka zambiri. Zomwe takumana nazo pakupanga zinthu zambiri komanso mphamvu zolimba za R&D zidatithandiza kukhazikitsa m'badwo watsopano wa mapulagi oziziritsa amadzimadzi a CCS2 chaka chino.
Imatengera mapangidwe ophatikizika, ndipo sing'anga yozizira yamadzimadzi imatha kukhala kuziziritsa kwamafuta kapena kuziziritsa madzi. Pampu yamagetsi imayendetsa choziziritsa kukhosi kuti chiziyenda mu pulagi yojambulira ndikuchotsa kutentha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwapano kuti zingwe zing'onozing'ono zodutsana zizitha kunyamula mafunde akulu ndikuwongolera bwino kutentha. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa, ndemanga zamsika zakhala zabwino kwambiri ndipo zatamandidwa mogwirizana ndi opanga zida zopangira zida zodziwika bwino. Tikusonkhanitsanso ndemanga zamakasitomala, kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse, ndikuyesetsa kuyika mphamvu zambiri pamsika.
Pakadali pano, Tesla's Supercharger ali ndi mawu amtheradi pama network othamangitsa a DC pamsika wa EV. Mbadwo watsopano wa V4 Supercharger pakadali pano uli ndi mphamvu za 250kW koma uwonetsa kuthamanga kwambiri pamene mphamvu ikuwonjezeka kufika ku 350kW - yokhoza kuwonjezera ma 115 miles mu mphindi zisanu zokha.
Lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi madipatimenti a zamayendedwe m’maiko ambiri zikusonyeza kuti mpweya wotenthetsa dziko wochokera m’gawo la zamayendedwe ndi pafupifupi 1/4 mwa mpweya wonse wotenthetsa dziko umene umatulutsa m’dzikoli. Izi zikuphatikiza osati magalimoto opepuka onyamula anthu komanso magalimoto onyamula katundu. Kuchotsa kaboni m'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto ndikofunikira kwambiri komanso kovuta pakuwongolera nyengo. Pofuna kulipiritsa magalimoto onyamula magetsi olemera kwambiri, makampaniwa apereka njira yolipirira ma megawati. Kempower yalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zochapira zothamanga kwambiri za DC zofikira 1.2 MW ndipo akukonzekera kuzigwiritsa ntchito ku UK kotala loyamba la 2024.
US DOE idapereka m'mbuyomu mulingo wa XFC wothamangitsa mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuwutcha kuti vuto lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthana ndi kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Ndilo lathunthu laukadaulo wadongosolo kuphatikiza mabatire, magalimoto, ndi zida zolipirira. Kulipiritsa kumatha kutha mphindi 15 kapena kuchepera kuti athe kupikisana ndi nthawi yamafuta a ICE.
Sinthani,Kulipiritsidwa:Power Swap Station
Kuphatikiza pa kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi, malo osinthira magetsi otchedwa "swap and go" alinso ndi chidwi chochuluka pamakina owonjezera mphamvu. Kupatula apo, zimangotenga mphindi zochepa kuti mumalize kusinthana kwa batri, kuthamanga ndi batire lathunthu, ndikuwonjezeranso mwachangu kuposa galimoto yamafuta. Izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo mwachilengedwe zidzakopa makampani ambiri kuti azichita nawo ndalama.
Ntchito ya NIO Power Swap,yoyambitsidwa ndi automaker NIO imatha kusintha batire yodzaza kwathunthu m'mphindi zitatu. Kusintha kulikonse kumangoyang'ana batire ndi makina amagetsi kuti galimoto ndi batire zizikhala bwino.
Izi zikumveka zokopa, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti titha kuwona kale zopanda malire pakati pa mabatire otsika ndi mabatire odzaza kwathunthu mtsogolomo. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti pali ambiri opanga ma EV pamsika, ndipo opanga ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a batri ndi magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa cha zinthu monga mpikisano wamsika ndi zotchinga zaukadaulo, zimakhala zovuta kuti tigwirizanitse mabatire amitundu yonse kapena mitundu yambiri ya ma EV kuti kukula kwake, mawonekedwe, magwiridwe antchito, ndi zina zambiri zigwirizane ndipo zitha kusinthidwa pakati pa wina ndi mnzake. Izi zakhalanso chopinga chachikulu pachuma cha malo osinthira magetsi.
Pamsewu: Kulipiritsa opanda zingwe
Mofanana ndi njira yachitukuko ya teknoloji yopangira mafoni a m'manja, kulipira opanda zingwe ndi njira ya chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi. Imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma elekitiromagineti induction ndi maginito resonance kufalitsa mphamvu, kutembenuza mphamvu kukhala maginito, kenako kulandira ndikusunga mphamvu kudzera pa chipangizo cholandirira galimoto. Kuthamanga kwake sikudzakhala kofulumira kwambiri, koma kumatha kuimbidwa pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zingathe kuwonedwa ngati kuchepetsa nkhawa zosiyanasiyana.
Electreon posachedwapa yatsegula misewu yamagetsi ku Michigan, USA, ndipo idzayesedwa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024. Imalola magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsa galimoto kapena oyimitsidwa m'mphepete mwa misewu kuti azilipiritsa mabatire awo popanda kulumikizidwa, poyambira mtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndipo idzawonjezedwa mpaka mtunda. Kukula kwaukadaulowu kwathandiziranso kwambiri zachilengedwe zam'manja, koma zimafunikira zomangamanga zapamwamba kwambiri komanso ntchito yayikulu yaukadaulo.
Mavuto Enanso
Pamene ma EV ambiri adasefukira,maukonde ochulukira ochulukira amakhazikitsidwa, ndipo pakufunika kutero pakalipano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala kukakamiza kwamphamvu pagulu lamagetsi. Kaya ndi mphamvu, kupanga magetsi, kapena kutumiza ndi kugawa mphamvu, tidzakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu.
Choyamba, kuchokera kumalingaliro amtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko cha kusungirako mphamvu akadali chinthu chachikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo ndi masanjidwe a V2X kuti mphamvu ziziyenda bwino pamalumikizidwe onse.
Kachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito luntha lochita kupanga komanso ukadaulo waukulu wa data kuti mukhazikitse ma gridi anzeru ndikuwongolera kudalirika kwa gululi. Unikani ndikuwongolera moyenera kufunikira kwa kulipiritsa kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndikuwongolera pakulipiritsa potengera nthawi. Sizingatheke kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatira pa gridi, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi za eni galimoto.
Chachitatu, ngakhale kuti kukakamiza kwa ndondomeko kumagwira ntchito mwachidziwitso, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri. White House idanenapo kale kuti idayika $ 7.5B pomanga malo opangira ndalama, koma palibe kupita patsogolo. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti ndizovuta kufananiza zofunikira za subsidy mu ndondomekoyi ndi momwe maofesiwa amagwirira ntchito, ndipo phindu la kontrakitala silinayambe kutsegulidwa.
Pomaliza, opanga ma automaker akugwira ntchito yolipiritsa mwachangu kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, iwo adzagwiritsa ntchito 800V high-voltage technology, ndipo kumbali ina, iwo adzakweza kwambiri teknoloji ya batri ndi teknoloji yozizira kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kwachangu kwa mphindi 10-15. Makampani onse adzakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu.
Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wochapira mwachangu ndi oyenera nthawi ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo njira iliyonse yolipirira ilinso ndi zofooka zowonekera. Ma charger a magawo atatu othamangitsa kunyumba, DC kuyitanitsa makonde othamanga kwambiri, kulipiritsa opanda zingwe poyendetsa galimoto, ndi malo osinthira magetsi posinthana mabatire mwachangu. Pomwe ukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi ukupitilira kukula, ukadaulo wothamangitsa mwachangu upitiliza kuwongolera ndikupita patsogolo. Pamene nsanja ya 800V idzakhala yotchuka, zida zolipiritsa pamwamba pa 400kw zidzachuluka, ndipo nkhawa zathu zamtundu wa magalimoto amagetsi zidzathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zipangizo zodalirikazi. Workersbee ndi wokonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi onse ogwira nawo ntchito kuti apange tsogolo lobiriwira!
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2023